The first step to fighting climate change is to reduce your personal emissions, and the first step to reducing your emissions is to figure out where they come from. Here in the US, 80% of our emissions come from dirty energy – energy produced by burning fossil fuels. The three main fossil fuels — coal, natural gas, and petroleum — provide 85% of the total energy we use.
So where does all that dirty energy go? We use a little bit directly to heat our homes and fuel our cars, but most of it is used behind the scenes to produce the goods and services we enjoy. I whipped up a few illustrations that help show fossil fuel usage for the different sectors of our economy. The house represents the residential sector, or home energy use. The office building represents the commercial sector, or energy used by shops, offices, schools, and government buildings. The factory represents the industrial sector, or energy used by manufacturing, farms, and construction equipment. The car represents the transportation sector, or energy used by cars, trucks, boats, and airplanes. The power plant represents energy used to generate electricity.
Let’s start with petroleum, the fossil fuel you’re probably most familiar with in the forms of gasoline, diesel, and home heating oil. Each barrel represents enough petroleum to fuel a million cars for 9 years.

The transportation sector uses 70% of our petroleum, and another 24% is used by the industrial sector. That leaves just 6% for heating homes and commercial buildings, and generating electricity.
Next is natural gas. Each flame represents enough natural gas to heat a million homes for 20 years.

The residential and commercial sectors use about a third of our natural gas for heating and cooking. Another third is used by the industrial sector. The transportation sector uses a small amount of natural gas for alternative fuel buses, and the rest is used to generate electricity.
Coal is the dirtiest fossil fuel, and the one that you’re least likely to have any direct contact with. Each cart represents enough coal to fill 450,000 freight train cars.

The residential and commercial sectors do use a little coal for heating, but they represent less than half a percent of our total coal consumption. Almost all of our coal is used by electric power plants, with a little left over for industrial manufacturing.
Let’s take a closer look at electricity. It’s not dirty in and of itself, but as you saw in the previous illustrations a third of our fossil fuels and most of our coal are used to generate electricity. The end result is that 70% of our electricity is effectively dirty. To make matters worse, generating electricity is an inefficient process that captures less than half the energy in the fuels that are burned. And about 9% of all electricity generated is lost during transmission through power lines.

Electricity is so ubiquitous in our everyday lives that we rarely notice it. But more than two thirds of the average home’s energy use is electricity. In this illustration, each bolt represents enough electricity to power a million refrigerators for 700 years.
The residential and commercial sector each use a bit more than a third of our electricity, and the industrial sector uses almost all the rest. The transportation sector does use a little electricity, but it’s insignificant compared to the other sectors.
Hopefully knowing more about where dirty energy goes will help you find ways to minimize your use of it. Remember that most dirty energy stays behind the scenes – it heats your office in winter, transports the food you buy, and generates the electricity to power streetlights, cell phone towers, your computer, and a million other things. Whenever you use less dirty energy, or support clean renewable energy, you help reduce emissions and fight climate change.
For more tips on how to reduce your energy usage, check out our conservation tips.
– Ian